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Traditional methods of non-contact human respiratory rate measurement usually require complex devices or algorithms. Aiming at this problem, a non-contact respiratory rate measurement method based on only the RGB video information was proposed in this paper. The method consisted of four steps. Firstly, spatial filtering was applied to each frame of the input video. Secondly, a gray compensation algorithm was used to compensate for the gray level change caused by the environmental light. Thirdly, the gray levels of each pixel over time were filtered separately by a low-pass filter. Finally, the region of interest was determined based on the filtering results, and the respiration rate of the human is measured. The physical measurement experiments were designed, and the measurement accuracy was compared with that of the biological radar. The error of the proposed method was between - 5.5% and 3% in different detection directions. The results show that the non-contact respiration rate measurement method can effectively measure the human respiration rate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Radar , Respiration , Respiratory RateABSTRACT
Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA, respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA modifications has lead to the cutting-edged fields of epigenomics and epitranscriptomics. Developing chemical and biological tools to detect specific modifications in the genome or transcriptome has greatly facilitated their study. Here, we review the recent technological advances in this rapidly evolving field. We focus on high-throughput detection methods and biological findings for these modifications, and discuss questions to be addressed as well. We also summarize third-generation sequencing methods, which enable long-read and single-molecule sequencing of DNA and RNA modification.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , DNA/metabolism , DNA Methylation , Epigenesis, Genetic , Epigenomics , RNA/metabolism , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between different types of female reproductive system dysplasia and age of visit, clinical manifestations, common types of combined malformations and endometriosis. Methods The patient′s medical records in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2002 to June 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 924 cases of genital tract dysplasia, uterine dysplasia (65.3%, 824/1 261) was the most common, followed by vaginal dysplasia (28.3%, 357/1 261), hymen atresia and urogenital fistula (3.7%, 47/1 261), and cervical dysplasia (2.6%, 33/1 261). (1) The youngest age was in patients with hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, with a median of 14.5 years old, while the older age were in patients with uterine, vaginal and cervical dysplasia, with median age of 25.0, 24.0 and 23.0 years old, respectively. (2) The clinical manifestations were lack of specificity, mainly abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history. (3) About other systemic malformations, urological malformations were the most common (4.8%, 44/924), followed by spinal malformations (0.5%, 5/924), inguinal hernia (0.4%, 4/924), heart malformations (0.2%, 2/924), cleft lip and palate (0.2%, 2/924). Oblique vaginal septal syndrome and MRKH syndrome were the most likely to be associated with other system malformations. (4) About combination with endometriosis, there was no significant difference between obstructive genital tract malformations (2.3%, 9/385) and non obstructive genital tract malformations (1.7%, 9/539; P=0.469). Conclusions Female reproductive system dysplasia is the most common in uterine dysplasia, followed by vaginal dysplasia, hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, and cervical dysplasia. The age of visit is generally older, often found by abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history;and could be combined with a variety of other system malformations, most seen by urinary system malformations,there is also the risk of endometriosis.
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A method of qualitative and quantitative analysis on fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) full range gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS) was established. The results showed that paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics in FCC gasoline had regional and zonal distribution in two-dimensional contour plots. The distinctions of boiling points and polarity between different compounds were used to achieve the accurate separation and determination in GC×GC-TOF MS analysis, and consequently the co-current flow which was often present in the conventional GC analysis was greatly suppressed. The difference of ionizing efficiency between different compounds was modified by response factors, and moreover, a good quantitative dependency was found between the analysis results of GC and GC×GC-TOF MS on FCC gasoline. Due to the high separation resolution, GC×GC-TOF MS gave more accurate results about the group compositions of FCC gasoline. GC×GC-TOF MS provided an effective way with high precision for the characterization of FCC gasoline.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and dezocine used to supplement awake tracheal intubation assisted by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) in elderly patients.Methods Sixty elderly patients aged 65-77 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (Mallampati grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ),scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:dezocine group (group DEZ),dexmedetomidine group (group DEX) and dezocine combined with dexmedetomidine group (group DEZ+DEX).Dezocine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group DEZ.Dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10-15 min in group DEX.In group DEZ+DEX,dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10-15 min,and dezocine 0.1 mg/kg was injected simultaneously.Laryngeal mucous membrane was sprayed with 2％ lidocaine for topical anesthesia during infusion in all the three groups.In addition,1％ tetracaine 3 ml was injected into trachea through cricothyroid membrane.Awake tracheal intubation was performed and assisted by FOB after the end of administration in all the three groups.Cardiovascular response (MAP or HR＞30％ of baseline values) and respiratory depression (SpO2＜90％ and RR＜8 bpm) were recorded during the period between induction of anesthesia and 3 min after intubation was completed.The intubation time was recorded.The tolerance of tracheal tube was assessed in the patients.At the time of topical anesthesia,when epiglottis came into view,immediately after tracheal tube was successfully inserted into trachea,and at 3 min after successful intubation,perfusion index and Ramsay sedation score,and patients' satisfaction with the sedation (Ramsay sedation score 2-4) were recorded.Results Compared with group DEZ or DEX,the tolerance of tracheal tube was significantly enhanced,intubation time was shortened,the rate of satisfactory sedation was increased,perfusion index and the incidence of cardiovascular response were decreased in DEZ+DEX group.There was no significant difference in respiratory depression among the three groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine and dezocine can provide better condition for awake tracheal intubation assisted by FOB than dexmedetomidine or dezocine alone in elderly patients.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of TSSC1 in glioma patients and its influence on cell biologi-cal behavior of glioma U87 cells. Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of TSSC1 in glioma samples, including 80 normal paraneoplastic tissues and 80 primary tumors. MTT and transwell were used to analyze the effect of TSSC1 knockout on proliferation, migration, and invasion in U87 cells. Results TSSC1 is down-regulated in glioma compared to its paraneoplastic counterparts and negatively related to higher grade. Furthermore, knockdown of TSSC1 expression results in increased proliferation, migration and invasion in U87 cells in vitro. Conclusion Our results may worked as a marker for early diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.
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Objective To investigate the effects of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) on pathological features and the expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in family dogs. Methods A total of 15 dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Sham group underwent gastroscopy and was fed for 3 months (n=5). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 24 h after RFT (n=5, RFT+24 h group). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 3 months after RFT (n=5, RFT+3m group). The pathological changes of LES were observed after HE staining in three groups. The expressions of ChAT, VIP and NOS were detected by immunohistochemical method in three groups. Results Results of HE staining showed nearly the same tissues in Sham group and control group. There were active inflammatory reaction and structural damage in RFT+24 h group. The chronic in-flammatory reaction and structural remodeling were found in RFT+3m group. Immunohistochemistry showed that ChAT was significantly increased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group. Values of VIP and NOS were significantly de-creased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group (P<0.01). Conclusion The thickness and increased pressure of LES were found after RFT,which also caused changes in neurotransmitters of local tissues in dogs.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the cellular immune function during analgesia with morphine after radical resection for esophageal cancer in the patients.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,after radical resection for esophageal cancer under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was performed immediately after operation in the two groups.In group C,the PCIA solution (150 ml) contained morphine 0.48 mg/kg.In group Dex,the PCIA solution (150 ml) contained morphine 0.48 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg.The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were maintained ≤ 3.The consumption of morphine was recorded within 24,48 and 72 h after operation.The adverse effects such as nausea,vomiting,pruritus,bradycardia,hypotension,oversedation and respiratory depression were also recorded after operation.Before induction of anesthesia (T0),immediately after extubation (T1),and at 24,48 and 72 h after operation (T2-4),venous blood samples were obtained for determination of the levels of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+) and natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry.CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the consumption of morphine within 24,48 and 72 h after operation and incidence of nausea,vomiting and pruritus after operation were significantly decreased in group Dex.The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells were significantly lower at T1-4 than at T0 in the two groups.The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells were significantly higher at T1-4 in group Dex than in group C.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can improve the cellular immune function during analgesia with morphine after radical resection for esophageal cancer in the patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine and small dose of ketamine on the hyperalgesia and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 240-270 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =9 each):sham operation group (group S),spinal nerve injury (SNI) group,ketamine group (group K),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and dexmedetomidine + ketamine group (group K+ D).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 400 mg/kg.SNI was produced by exposing the sciatic nerve and its branches and ligation and transection of tibial nerve and common fibular nerve in groups SNI,K,D and K + D.In S group,the sciatic nerves and its branches were only exposed but not ligated.In groups D,K and K + D,dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg (2 ml),ketamine 10 mg/kg (2 ml) and mixture of dexmedetomidine 20μg/kg + ketamine 5 mg/kg (2 ml) were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,once a day for 21 consecutive days starting from 24 h after successful SNI surgery.While the equal volume of normal saline 2 ml was injected instead in S and SNI groups.The paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (PWT) was measured at 1 day before surgery,and 3,7,14 and 21 days after surgery.Three rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at 1 day before surgery,and 7 and 21 days after surgery and the lumbar segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were removed for determination of BDNF mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn by real time PCR.Results Compared with group S,the PWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of BDNF mRNA in spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated after surgery in groups SNI,K,D and K + D (P ＜ 0.05).The PWT was significantly higher,and the expression of BDNF mRNA in spinal dorsal horn was lower after surgery in groups K,D and K + D than in group SNI,and in group K + D than in groups K and D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of dexmedetomidine and small dose of ketamine produces a synergistic antinociception in rats with neuropathic pain,and direct or indirect inhibition of BDNF mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Objective To evaluate the application effect of evidence-based nursing in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of patients with severe head injury. Methods 100 patients with severe head injury using mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 50 patients in each group.The observation group explored evidence from nursing of ventilator tube,oropharyngeal and sound sects care,airway care,balloon sleeves care to prevent biofilm on the endotracheal tube(ETT-BF) to fall off,enteral nutrition care,decubitus care,ward environment and the hand disinfection of medical staff and was given evidence- based nursing.The control group took routine care.The incidence of VAP,off-line time and mortality rate of the two groups were compared during the same time period. Results The incidence of VAP,off-line time,mortality rate showed significant difference between the two groups.The observation group showed better effect. Conclusions Implementation of evidence-based nursing can significantly reduce the off-line time of patients with severe traumatic brain injury using mechanical ventilation.It can decrease the incidence of VAP and mortality rate,improve the prognosis and reduce medical cost.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate inspection report sheets preserving type and hand hygiene behavior among patients,and to discuss countermeasures to ensure medical safety for patients. METHODS Random sampling investigation was carried out between one experimental group,whose members were general clinic patients,and one control group,whose members were physical examinees for employment. Statistical analysis for the original data was taken by using SPSS software. RESULTS In the experimental group and in the control group respectively,the ratio of patients who had correct cognition on the biosafety of inspection report sheet was 66.90% and 78.72%,80.80% and 94.86% patients washed hands after touching inspection report sheets,71.00% and 87.00% patients suggested that biosafety label be tagged on the inspection report and hand washing facilities be supplied in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS The hospital is responsible to popularize the knowledge about hand hygiene behavior and hospital infection education,to append specific hand washing facilities,and to improve the patients' understanding of biosafety and hand washing compliance.